Recently, potential associations between anal carcinoma and human papillomavirus have been proposed. We investigated prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Mycoplasma hominis (MH), and Ureaplasma (U) spp. in the anal samples among Japanese men who have sex with men (MSM). In addition, we evaluate cytological findings to find the association with HPV infecton.
150 MSM aged 24-59 years-old (mean: 40.7 years old) were enrolled in the present study. Anal rubbed samples were collected, and HPV, CT, NG, MG, MH, and U spp. were examined based on the polymerase chain reaction assay. β-globin amplification was also checked to confirm the quality of DNA sample. The HPV genotype was determined by using HPV GenoArray kit (Hybri-MaxTM). In addition, cytological evaluation was performed in each sample. We investigated the associations between HPV infection and cytological findings.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rate among participants was 96%. All HIV positive participants had been receiving anti-retroviral therapy. Beta-globin was positive in 88.7% (133/150), and HPV detection rate were 79.7% (106/133). HPV16 was the most common type in anal samples. The most common was CT, found in 14.3%, followed by MH (6%), U (5.3%), NG (4.5%) and MG (3.8%) in anal samples. HPV, high-risk HPV and other STIs detection rate rises significantly as the anal cytology dysplasia grade increases. Multivariate regression analysis found that the latest receptive anal intercourse within 6 months was an independent risk factor for high-risk HPV infection and other STIs.
HPV and several microorganisms were detected from anus of MSM. In particular, anal HPV and high-risk HPV and other STIs detection rate were significantly associated with cytological abnormality. HPV infection-associated cytological abnormality suggests that persistent HPV infection for MSM may result in the development of anal carcinoma, similar to cervical cancer caused by HPV infection in women.
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