To provide data on the health and financial impact of cross and direct protection from HPV vaccines with a focus on duration of protection.
A previously validated HPV health economics model calibrated for France was adapted to model cross protection while varying the duration of effectiveness of cross protection and direct protection for the bivalent and the 9-valent HPV vaccines, respectively. Published reports of both clinical trial data and real world evidence show short term protection due to cross protection, while effectiveness from immunity to HPV type-specific virus like particles (VLP) is expected to provide long term protection.
The results from the model show significant reductions in cancer cases, deaths and costs due to long-term protection by type-specific VLP-based vaccines. We consider outcomes for cervical and anal cancers in both male and female population. The 9-valent HPV vaccine compared to the bivalent HPV vaccine with short term (5 years) cross protection results in 74 (per 100,000) fewer cancer cases; 24 (per 100,000) fewer cancer related deaths; and saves €101,850 (per 100,000) over a 100 year time horizon.
Short lived cross protection results in additional cancer cases, cancer-related deaths and lower economic benefit compared to immunity resulting from HPV type-specific VLP-based vaccines.